Bhuvas research was sponsored by a number of microelectronics companies, and the results are proprietary meaning theyre unlikely to be published any time soon. Creme stands for cosmic ray effects on micro electronics. Ccd radiation effects and test issues for satellite designers. The 2011 revision of the cosmic ray effects on micro.
The nearearth particle environment by defense technical information center. A dynamic galactic cosmic ray model is proposed to quantitatively describe the z128 ions and electrons of e1010 5 mevnucleon and their particle flux variations around the earths orbit and beyond the earths magnetosphere due to diverse largescale variations of solar activity factors. It is one key aim of this document to pull together the primary elements of single event effects in microelectronics along with the applicable concepts established and proven through years of risk. Cosmicray neutrons on the ground and in the atmosphere volume 28 issue 2 paul goldhagen. Cosmic ray effects on micro electronics acronymattic. The first part of this document will explain in simple terms the radiation effects on micro electronic devices and the space origin of the ionised particles wp100. Radiationinduced prompt photocurrents in microelectronics. Stk seet galactic cosmic rays gcr the stk seet galactic cosmic rays gcr module provides three different model options. Duzellier, radiation effects on electronic devices in space, aerospace science and technology 9 2005. Among primary cosmic rays, protons are the key component for understanding the origin of the knee. A common myth is that seb is due to component quality issues or assembly defects or, alternatively, to a bad design or a poor layout.
An seu occurs when a single ionizing radiation event produces a burst of holeelectron pairs in a digital microelectronic circuit that is large enough to cause the circuit to. The particles which cause significant soft fails in electronics are. This report presents a method of making such estimates. There is an operational cloud chamber installed and running at the south australian museum and is well worth a look i think. Appendix d radiation effects introduction the space radiation environment poses a risk to all earth orbiting satellites and missions to other planets. Adams european space and technology research centre. The radiation effects of these charged particles are. Galactic cosmic ray flux simulation and prediction. This has resulted in a need to accurately estimate the seu rate for each type of digital microelectronic component used in the electronic system of any spacecraft on any orbit.
Crand cosmic ray albedo neutron decay credo cosmic radiation environment dosimetry and experiment creme96 cosmic ray effects in microelectronics 1996 crres combined release and radiation effects satellite dc direct current esp emission of solar protons. Radiation protection for h un1an missions to the moon and. The primary differences among these models are the amount of data on which the model is based and the way they model solar modulation. During their travel from the source regions to the vicinity of the earth, the cosmic rays interact with the interstellar 6. Adams jh jr 1987 cosmicray effects on microelectronics, part iv, naval res. The oldest and most famous example of this is the cloud chamber. Makhmutov lebedev physical institute, russian academy of sciences, moscow, russia abstract we present the main characteristics of cosmic ray population in the atmosphere and its variability 11and 22year solar cycle variations, solar protons. Universita degli studi di cassino naples june, 4th 2006 cosmic rays induced single event effects in power semiconductor devices giovanni busatto university of cassino italy. Space weather effects on microelectronics devices around the leo spacecraft environments w supartaradiation dose analysis of galactic cosmic ray in low earth orbitnear equatorial orbit w suparta and s k zulkeplespace weather near earth and energetic particles. Method and apparatus for modeling cosmic ray effects on microelectronics number of patents in portfolio can not be more than 2000 united states of america statutory. Charged particles in this environment consist primarily of high energy electrons, protons, alpha particles and heavy ions cosmic rays. Creme cosmic ray effects on microelectronics eccv earth capture control vehicle gcr galactic cosmic radiation goes gcostationary operational environmental satellite imp interplanetary monitoring platform let linear energy transfer noaa national oceanic and atmospheric administration nrl naval research laboratory ntc nucleon transport code q. Over the following ten years there were many advances in our understanding of the space radiation environment. Method and apparatus for modeling cosmic ray effects on.
This report describes how a transmission function is. Jcreme is written in 100% java and currently released under the gpl. Nrl memorandum report 5402 cosmic ray effects on microelectronics part iii. The variations of largescale heliospheric magnetic fields and the galactic cosmic ray flux.
Single event upsets of spacecraft microelectronics exposed to. Galactic cosmic rays gcrs or heavy ions definition a gcr ion is a charged particle h, he, fe, etc typically found in free space galactic cosmic rays or gcrs energies range from mev to gevs for particles of. Crand cosmic ray albedo neutron decay credo cosmic radiation environment dosimetry and experiment creme96 cosmic ray effects in microelectronics 1996 crres combined release and radiation effects satellite dc direct current esp emission of solar protons gcr galactic cosmic rays geo. Read single event upsets of spacecraft microelectronics exposed to solar cosmic rays, radiation measurements on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
Cosmicray nuclei that enter the atmosphere will subsequently. The failure rates of one manufacturer are typical of any competing manufacturer for the same basic semiconductor technology. Using a neutron detector to measure cosmic rays may sound odd, but this has been a common way to measure the level of cosmic ray levels since 1948. Cosmic ray effects in microelectronics sciencedirect. It is noted that a single intensely ionizing particle can alter the information stored in a modern semiconductor memory and possibly do permanent damage to the microelectronic circuit involved.
European union legislation requires the control of aircrew exposure, while the decreasing feature size of modern microelectronics is leading to increased vulnerability to see. A simple yet accurate empirical model of the nearearth particle environment is described, and it is shown how the model can be used to. Rogue cosmic rays from outer space are causing havoc with. Based on our previous study on spatial analysis of galactic cosmic ray gcr 2, we discovered that orbit located at low earth near the equator leoneqo is dominated by high energy gcr of. Single event upsets of spacecraft microelectronics exposed. Buller, and barney doyle prepared by sandia national laboratories albuquerque, new mexico 87185 and livermore, california 94550 sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by sandia corporation. Nepp webex presentation radiation effects 101 presented by kenneth a. Dodd, gyorgy vizkelethy, wendland beezhold, david s. Radiation dose analysis of galactic cosmic ray in low earth. Method and apparatus for modeling cosmic ray effects on microelectronics. Recently, experiments on cosmic ray effects at airplane altitudes have been published by ibm, boeing, and others 14, 151. Marshall nasagsfc multiengineering disciplinary support contract task 1058 6 october, 2003 this work is sponsored by the nasa electronic parts and packaging nepp.
Rogue cosmic rays from outer space are causing havoc with our. This is because if the primary cosmic ray that starts a cascade has an energy well over 500 mev, and so many of its secondary byproducts will be neutrons that will reach ground where they can be. Noordwijk, netherlands cosmic ray effects in microelectronics are presently of major concem in satellite technology, beginning to present problems in digital avionics, particulady high flying aircraft. Srour, radiation effects on microelectronics in space, ieee. Radiation dose analysis of galactic cosmic ray in low. This paper presents ongoing research in quantifying space radiation effects on satellite subsystems. Radiation protection for h un1an missions to the moon and mars lisa c.
Cosmic ray nuclei that enter the atmosphere will subsequently. For example, in a shuttle mission which landed on 24 may 1997, close to solar minimum, our cosmic radiation effects. Cosmic ray antiprotons also have a much higher average energy than their normalmatter counterparts protons. I errestrial cosmic rays physics and astronomy at tamu. Issued by the deep space communications and navigation systems. Radiation hardening is the process of making electronic components and circuits resistant to damage or malfunction caused by high levels of ionizing radiation particle radiation and highenergy electromagnetic radiation, especially for environments in outer space and highaltitude flight, around nuclear reactors and particle accelerators, or during nuclear accidents or nuclear warfare. Radiation effects in microelectronics springerlink.
There is an eleven year cycle in solar activity and the last solar minimum was in late 1996 at which time cosmic rays had easier access and were at their most intense. The date is a string of integers separated by a dash representing the month, day, and year, e. Single event upset seu vulnerability must be considered in the design of all modern digital electronic systems for use in space. Another aspect of the invention is a method and apparatus comprising a programmed digital computer. Unfortunately a muon created as a result of cosmic rays is not easily seen, but their aftereffects when passing through is a little more easier, typically most forms of radiation detectors will do the job. The earths magnetic field modulates the energy spectra of charged particle radiation reaching a satellite from outside the magnetosphere. The cosmic ray effects on microelectronics code creme was first released in 1986 1. Adams, cosmic ray effects on microelectronics part iv, nrl memorandum report 5901, pp. During this period it was realized that galactic cosmic ray modulation had not only an eleven year cycle but also a twentytwo year cycle 2.
This apparatus includes a programmed digital computer running modeling software for modeling the flux of cosmic ray particles through the outer surface of a satellite. Spacecraft, aircraft, ground based computation and control systems and human health and safety university of houston clear lake, spring 2015 steve koontz nasa, johnso n space center, houston, texas 1 the image above is the egret gamma ray allsky survey, courtesy of dr. The resulting effects may be manifested as longterm parametric degradation or as transient changes in the state of the circuits. They arrive at earth with a characteristic energy maximum of 2 gev, indicating their production in a fundamentally different process from cosmic ray protons, which on average have only onesixth of. The basic model of the origin ofgalactic cosmic rays was developed byginzburg and syrovatskiiin1964. Adjusts the cosmicray distributions to account for the eleven year, sunspot cycle. They arrive at earth with a characteristic energy maximum of 2 gev, indicating their production in a fundamentally different process from cosmic ray protons, which on average have only onesixth of the energy. Creme cosmic ray effects on microelectronics eccv earth capture control vehicle. For this purpose, various particle models were used in computing radiation fluxes. Measuring single device cosmic ray failure rates 2. Cosmic ray solar modulation and forbush decrease analyses based on atmospheric neutron spectrometry at mountain altitude and geant4 simulations of extensive air showers. Single event effect criticality analysis sponsored by nasa. Single event effect criticality analysis sponsored by nasa hqcode qw february 16, 1996. Cosmic rays at sea level consist mostly of neutrons, protons, pions, muons, electrons, and photons.
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